The impact of COVID-19 on farming

 Introduction

The coronavirus sickness (COVID-19) has created an unusual situation globally (Alam and Khatun, 2021). Barely a yr ago early in the 12 months 2020, the uncommon nature of coronavirus caused maximum governments to put in force stringent steps of their nations to restrain the virus’s unfold. The novel covid (SARS-CoV-2) sickness impacted economies throughout the world, disproportionately impacting those who have been already at risk of poverty and hunger (Laborde et al., 2020a; Ceballos et al., 2020). In past due December 2019, the virus turned into determined in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The pandemic as a result of COVID-19 supplied a main chance to human health, the economy, and meals protection in each industrialised and rising nations (Mottaleb et al., 2020; Carroll et al., 2020; Alam and Khatun, 2021). Lessons found out from China discovered that various COVID-19 countermeasures inclusive of lockdown in the us of a hampered manufacturing. This poses a significant danger to the lengthy-time period meals deliver (FAO, 2020), and has a bad effect at the economy, ensuing in financial decline and crisis (Bai, 2020). It is critical to recognize that positive precautional and manipulate efforts compromise agricultural production (Singh et al., 2021).

The virus wreaked havoc on the rural manufacturing zone, which is at the coronary heart of the meals chain (Pu and Zhong, 2020). The international unfold of coronavirus resulted in the greatest economic downturn on account that World War Two (Hanna et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2021). The epidemic’s principal effect on agricultural labour enter was the restriction of labour mobility. Farmers had been no longer approved to simply go out and gather in any manner except to purchase essentials. This led to a manpower scarcity and decreased mass production performance. For instance, because of a scarcity of migrant specialists, producers from Sichuan, Hunan, and Hubei within the grain-producing districts in China (south-japanese coastal district) were not capable of sow their plants in accurate time (Pu and Zhong, 2020). Furthermore, wheat and pulse harvesting in northwest India become hampered because of a lack of migrant labour (Dev, 2020). Vegetable farmers in Ethiopia incurred not just financial loss as a result of overstocked items, however additionally from a lack of crucial inputs (Tamru et al., 2020). Before the pandemic, suppliers might also have planted six hectares in a single day, however due to the problems in locating tractor drivers all through the pandemic, they were handiest able to cowl three hectares an afternoon (Pu and Zhong, 2020). Any interruptions in agricultural meals deliver will certainly result in supply and call for shocks, in an effort to have an immediate impact on the agricultural sector of the economy with lengthy-term financial performance and food security implications (Gregorio and Ancog, 2020).

Food safety refers to a scenario wherein all people in any respect time have non-stop physical and monetary get entry to to sufficient, secure, and nutritious meals to fulfil their nutritional needs and food selections for an lively and healthful lifestyle (Elsahoryi et al., 2020). Food protection has been jeopardised each without delay and not directly because of the virus’s destabilisation of food structures and the consequences of lockdowns on own family revenue and bodily get right of entry to to meals (Devereux et al., 2020). The presence of covid-19 disease has a bad effect on all of the four pillars of food safety, viz. Availability of food, accessibility of food, utilisation of food, and balance of meals (Nechifor et al., 2021; Laborde et al., 2020b). According to Genkin and Mikheev (2020), the file by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Trade Organization, and World Health Organization (WHO) word the threat of a meals disaster brought about via the contemporary covid19 pandemic, with a chance of a worldwide “meals scarcity” because of interruptions inside the trade enterprise’s deliver chain. According to the document, worldwide trade reduced in size by using roughly 20% in 2020, with ninety–120 million humans falling into intense destitution and over three hundred million going through meals safety issues in rising international locations. To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, international leaders carried out steps to lower the number of commodities carried through sea, air and land, as well as labour migration at country wide and worldwide stages. These variables contributed to a big disturbance in agricultural output and food distribution systems, posing challenges to the transportation of food and agricultural assets (Genkin and Mikheev, 2020).

Present literature focused at the effect of covid-19 on meals protection or effect of covid-19 on agricultural manufacturing (Elsahoryi et al., 2020; Nchanji and Lutomia, 2021). Despite the growing body of research on covid, agricultural production, and meals security, few research have tried to behavior a thorough assessment of the literature and map the present degree of scientific understanding at the effect of covid-19 on agricultural production and food safety (ECAP-FS). Hence, the aim of this studies was to look at the effect of covid-19 on agricultural manufacturing and food protection by using using bibliometric analyses strategies to understand key phrases in connection to two center aspects, particularly the maximum prolific or productive writers and the most collaborative countries, after which to have a look at the strength of their association over the take a look at length. The study characterised intellectual techniques in addition by using visualising and recognising the advancement of the co-quotation community, cooperation community, and traits in ECAP-FS studies. This research will not handiest aid within the identity of gift research on ECAP-FS, but additionally contributes to an stepped forward comprehension of the clinical know-how of covid-19 and its impact on agricultural manufacturing, meals security, and the research of its evolution thru posted papers blanketed within the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Because one database is not going to provide a complete picture of expertise and traits in a subject, the authors suggest a four stage approaches to reap a merged database that integrates WoS and Scopus after which deletes same courses using RStudio or R-package deal to carry out creator coupling, key phrases co-incidence network visualisation, university collaboration networks, and others the usage of net2VOSviewer. This examine will be the various few that explains a way to combine  datasets and utilise them to behavior one-of-a-kind network associations in bibliometrix R-package (RStudio v.Four.0.Three software program).

Method and information series

The scientometric technique became used to retrieve articles regarding the effect of covid19 on agricultural production and meals protection. This approach used resources from two different databases, WoS and Scopus, for the systematic reviews. Table 1 indicates the eligibility and exclusion standards that became used to get right of entry to the relevant documents. The numerous steps employed within the evaluation method had been (databases, identification, screening, eligibility, merging, replica elimination and blanketed files) (see Fig. 1). Processing and analysis of the statistics have been then carried out to the final files. Scientometrics is described as the research method utilised in analysing and assessing science, innovation, and technology by means of making use of records and quantitative evaluation to provide an explanation for the distribution and visualisation patterns of studies within a specific nation, issue, field or group (Orimoloye and Ololade, 2021). Scientometric critiques had been used to examine medical trends and outputs, as well as the evolution of research, writer productiveness, journals, and nations, as well as to find out and degree international collaboration (Orimoloye and Ololade, 2021).

Resources

WoS and Scopus have been the 2-database used for this look at. WoS is a database series administered by way of Thomson Reuters Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) that includes databases on humanities, social sciences, biology (i.E., Biosis), technology (i.E., Core Collection) and computer systems (i.E., Inspec). WoS was formerly the handiest and biggest reachable database for bibliometric analysis. However, Scopus that become released via Elsevier, comfortably of use in universities during the globe emerged as a key rival for doing such studies (Echchakoui, 2020). Scopus has the most important summary and quotation databases with over 22,800 journals from 5000 publishers international turned into used inside the overview (Shaffril et al., 2018). Moreover, It is the maximum complete interdisciplinary database of peer-reviewed literature inside the social sciences, and is usually acknowledged and utilised for quantitative analyses (Guerrero-Baena et al., 2014).

Criteria for eligibility and exclusion

Various qualifying and exclusion standards were considered. Title-primarily based look for speedy visibility and retrieval changed into used. According to Ekundayo and Okoh (2018), a name-specific seek offers the blessings of low loss, tremendous retrieval, and sensitivity while in comparison to other forms of searches which include a topic, field, or creator seek. First, regarding literature type, simplest journals and very last articles were decided on, which supposed Article in Press, etc., were excluded. Secondly, non-English articles have been excluded. Thirdly, a period of 6 years became used observed through the difficulty region, which centered on Environmental, Social, Agricultural, and Biological Sciences (Table 1) (Shaffril et al., 2018).

Systematic overview technique

To discover the modern literature on ECAP-FS, we conducted a complete literature overview in line with the policies furnished by using Tranfield et al. (2003). The systematic evaluate technique for this have a look at concerned 4 degrees. The evaluate method changed into carried out in April 2021. The first degree changed into the choice of databases (WoS and Scopus). The 2d stage pinpointed keywords utilised for the hunt method. Based on previous research, key phrases comparable and associated with the effect of COVID-19 on agricultural output and meals safety were used with a total of (n = 9, 421) posted statistics determined on WoS and Scopus, respectively (Table 2). The 0.33 degree turned into screening. Out of (n = 9, 421) papers eligible for evaluation at this degree, a complete of (n = 7, 203) papers have been excluded. The fourth degree became eligibility wherein the entire articles had been accessible. Following an intensive evaluation, a total of (n = 1, 46) guides had been eliminated considering some did not consciousness at the effect of covid-19 on agricultural manufacturing and food security. The fifth level was merging the two documents (n = 6, 172 = 178). The 6th stage became the elimination of duplicates (n = 4). The last round of evaluation yielded a total of (n = 174) papers for qualitative evaluation (Fig. 1).

Processing and analysis of information

The studies assessed records received for scientometric investigation making use of RStudio v.4.Zero.Three software program with bibliometrix R-bundle and net2VOSviewer after studying the articles relevant to the look at. The information were imported into RStudio, converted to a bibliographic statistics body, and normalised for reproduction fits (Aria and Cuccurullo, 2017; Ekundayo and Okoh, 2018). Net2VOSviewer (internet,vos.Path = NULL) embedded in RStudio v.4.Zero.3 software have been used for visualization. The VOSviewer programme created by using Van Eck and Waltman (2009) is frequently used to visualize and compare a bibliometric network. Hamidah et al. (2021) and Zhang and Yuan (2019) made use of VOSviewer to examine a bibliographic map on strength overall performance. Park and Nagy (2018) used VOSviewer to take a look at constructing manage bibliographic statistics, and Van Eck and Waltman (2017) analysed quotation-based clustering in the area of astronomy and astrophysics the use of VOSviewer. The studies made use of Net2VOSviewer embedded in R studio to make visualisation maps, along with authors coupling, key-word co-prevalence community, and college collaboration network, based on bibliographic statistics. Each circle on the VOSviewer visible map represents a word. The term activity is represented with the aid of the circle and textual content length. The massive circle and text display the chosen phrases in a field. The distance between the two words displays the diploma in their association. In this example, the connection among  phrases could be greater if the space among them is small (Hamidah et al., 2021).

Web of Science and Scopus database merging for bibliometric analysis

As soon as required articles had been sourced, we downloaded the files one at a time from WoS and Scopus databases. For WoS, we clicked on export, which redirected us to any other window wherein we selected “other file codecs” beneath file content material, and “BiTeX” under file format before we clicked export. For Scopus, we went to export report placing in which we ticked all applicable containers inclusive of “BibTeX” earlier than clicking export. The 2nd step become to convert (WoS.Bib and Scopus.Bib) to “bibtex” files. Here we used R or Rstudio software program by using loading the bibliometrix package deal “install.Programs” (“bibliometrix”), and “library(bibliometrix)”, After that we designated the pathway the usage of the command file1<- “path/savedrecs.Bib” and file2 < - “path/scopus.Bib” for WoS and Scopus files, respectively. After that we converted report (1&2) the usage of command “f1<-convert2df(file1, dbsource = “isi”, layout = “bibtex”)” and “f2<-convert2df(file2, dbsource = “scopus”, layout = “bibtex”)” for WoS and Scopus respectively. We merged the two databases in R/Rstudio. For this operation to achieve success, we used the command “j <-mergeDbSources(f1, f2, do away with.Duplicated = FALSE)”. Finally, the replica files had been eliminated the usage of the command “M < -duplicatedMatching(j, Field = “TI”,tol = 0.95)”. We done a bibliometric evaluation for bibtex report in Rstudio, using Aria and Cuccurullo’s (2017) techniques and scripts in R, and using the net2VOSviewer for key phrases co-prevalence network, collaboration networks of universities, authors coupling, amongst others.

Bibliometric analyses consequences

During the survey period, 174 papers were published on ECAP-FS; their characteristics are shown in Table 4. The studies had 851 authors, with a cooperation index of 5.1 and a document/author ratio of 0.20 (4.89 authors/document). Except for nine authors who published alone, all 842 authors had been a part of multi-writer guides.

During the studies duration, an average of 6.Zero citations in step with report had been recorded. Lotka’s regulation scientific output for ECAP-FS take a look at discovered a constant of zero.70 and beta coefficient of three.88, with a Kolmogorov–Smirnoff goodness-of-suit of zero.94. Table 5 and Fig. 2 displays published studies on ECAP-FS from 2016 to April 2021 along side the total quotation of papers on average via 12 months. The every year pace of improvement was 56.64, with a median overall of 12 ± 6, indicating that ECAP-FS research increased over time. This outcome is of the same opinion with the work of El Mohadebe et al. (2020) who said that the range of posted articles elevated exponentially because the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rise in COVID-19 studies displays that it's miles a chief hazard to human fitness, the economy, and food protection in industrialised and rising nations (Carroll et al., 2020; Mottaleb et al., 2020; Alam and Khatun, 2021).

During the survey length, research production varied, peaking in 2020 with 38.Five% (67/174) of the whole research output, accompanied via 2021 with 66 studies articles accounting for 37.9% (sixty six/174) throughout the identical time. This end result is susceptible to alternate while additional papers relating ECAP-FS are published in 2021. The average total number of citations for posted papers changed over the years, peaking in 2016 (common = eleven.Eight). Furthermore, the findings of this evaluation identified the top 20 maximum prolific authors from 2016 to April 2021. Table 6 shows Gong B because the maximum effective creator over the time, with six papers accounting for three.Forty five% of the whole studies publications on ECAP-FS. The following have been located 2nd on the listing: Baudron F, Peng W, and Zhang S who published 3 studies articles each accounting for 1.7% of the overall posted research articles within the have a look at period. The rest of the 17 authors published two articles within the identical yr. The amount of a researcher’s educational output demonstrates their efficacy and propensity for engaging in first-class research (Orimoloye et al., 2021a)

Citation evaluation famous how oftentimes a particular research article has been stated in different medical articles. More referred to research articles are taken into consideration extensively extra influential than articles with fewer citations (Mishra et al., 2017; Nyam et al., 2020). Table 7 indicates the top 20 papers on ECAP-FS in terms of citations inside the discipline at some point of the time. The listing turned into compiled the usage of the publications with the most citations (Echchakoui, 2020). In this studies on ECAP-FS, Foyer et al. 2016 “Nature Plants” located first with a complete of 244 citations. Hart et al. 2018 “Functional Ecology” took 2nd area with 60 citations, observed by Smiraglia D. 2016 “Environmental Research” with 52 citations all through the identical time period. Millar NS 2016 “Oecologia” and Tesfahunegn GB 2016 “Applied Geography” rated fourth and fifth with forty three and 42 citations, respectively. With 39, 23 and 21 citations, respectively, KC et al. 2018 “Plos One,” Pu and Zhong, 2020 “Global Food Security,” and Provenza FD 2019 “Frontiers in Nutrition” placed sixth, seventh, and eighth. As proven in Table 8, the main lively writers had been related with establishments in both emerging and evolved nations, which include China (28), america (19), the United Kingdom (12), Italy (nine), Spain (8), Australia (5), India (5), and Mexico (five). With the exception of China, the bulk of the articles had been from evolved nations. China, the USA of America, United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain, amongst different international locations, contributed the most articles in ECAP-FS, which is line with the work of Mottaleb et al. (2020). According to Orimoloye et al. (2021b), studies investment and scholarships have had a giant impact on the studies output of many nations. As a end result, this examine shows that financial help could assist in the advancement of studies within the location of ECAP-FS. Furthermore, in the course of the studies duration, the full quotation of published papers on average by means of every kingdom differed from one country to any other. Table 9 shows the top 20 citations via country for ECAP-FS research papers. The data indicated that the maximum stated nations have been industrialised ones, at the same time as China, a developing united states, positioned 2d most of the most often referenced international locations. The exceptional achievement of China studies indicates that the kingdom plays well in sponsoring area studies, probably because the covid19 originated in Wuhan City of China (Mottalab et al., 2020). Italy leads the manner with 112 general citations and a median article quotation of 12.Forty four for research papers posted during the take a look at period, China became 2nd with 107 citations and a mean article quotation of 3.Eighty two. During the same time period, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ethiopia, and Canada had been placed 0.33, fourth, 5th, and 6th, with general variety of citations (average article citations) of 81 (4.26), 76 (6.33), 47 (23.50), and 40 (thirteen.33), respectively.

This analysis also uncovered the most applicable assets for posted educational research on ECAP-FS among 2016 and April 2021, as shown in Table 10. Sustainability (Switzerland) became first with a total of 23 clinical papers on ECAP-FS. Agricultural Systems and Journal of Cleaner Production have been ranked 2nd and 0.33 with a complete of 13 and 10 articles respectively. Global Food Security and Science of The Total Environment had been rated fourth with 8 articles every. Land became ranked 5th with five articles while Food Security, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Plos One have been ranked sixth with four posted articles every. Environmental Research and Journal of Integrative Agriculture rated seventh with three published articles on ECAP-FS for the duration of the evaluate period.

Concerns are developing approximately the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural production, that can pose a big threat to long-term food protection and food supply (Pu and Zhong, 2020). Table eleven summarises the top 20 lecturers’ maximum relevant terms. In addition, Table 11 presentations the most important keywords related to ECAP-FS research, which includes keywords-plus (ID) as well as creator key phrases (DE). COVID-19, Food Security, Agriculture, Climate Change, Sustainable Development, Agricultural Production, Biodiversity, China, and Sustainability had been the various 9 key phrases shared by keywords-plus (ID) and creator keywords (DE). Eleven keywords had been extraordinary to authors’ key phrases (Resilience, Ecosystem Services, Food Systems, COVID-19 Pandemic, Food Supply Chain, India, Land Take, Life Cycle Assessment, Nutrition, Conservation, and Dietary Diversity), and 9 key phrases have been particular to key phrases-Plus (Food Supply, Human, Article, Food Production, Land Use, Agricultural Robots, Agricultural Land, Controlled Study, and Cultivation). The awesome author keywords explicitly described what COVID-19 affected in addition to the way or elements engaged in the process (Nutrition, Dietary Diversity, Ecosystem Services, Resilience, Conservation, Food Systems, and Food Supply Chain of People). COVID-19 (n = 27, 15.Five%), Food Security (n = 25, 14.4%), Agriculture (n = 18, 10.3%), Climate Change (n = 9, five.2%), Sustainable Development (n = 5, 2.Nine%), Agricultural Production (n = 4, 2.3%), Biodiversity (n = four, 2.3%), China (n = 4, 2.3%), COVID-19 Pandemic (n = four, 2.Three%) had been author key-word phrases associated with the detection of ECAP-FS.

The key-word analysis identified Food Security in 35 (20.1%) and 25 (14.4%) posted papers with the aid of key-word-plus and writer keyword, respectively, at the same time as Agricultural changed into determined in 28 (16.1%) and 18 (10.Three%) published papers through key-word-plus and writer key-word, respectively. By author key-word and keyword-plus, Agricultural Production was detected in four (2.Three%) and 28 (16.1%) courses, respectively. In the ECAP-FS have a look at field, Climate Change became detected in 26 (14.Nine%) and 9 (five.2%) papers via keyword-plus and creator keyword, respectively. The evaluation indicates that research on ECAP-FS emphasised these agricultural-related issues several instances, implying that COVID-19 has an effect on agriculture, agricultural manufacturing, sustainable development, food security, and meals deliver of the overall public, that is exacerbated by way of weather trade, and is a main risk to meals safety, economic system and human health (Mottaleb et al., 2020).

The connection among influential authors, keywords, journals, and trending topics become investigated the use of co-citation network evaluation (Leydesdorff, 2009). Articles are stated to be co-mentioned whilst they're mentioned and appear in different guides’ reference lists (Nyam et al., 2020). The top 20 authors coupling in Fig. Three explains the authors coupling on ECAP-FS-associated studies. Every node inside the network symbolises a distinct author who's connected to others. Connecting traces replicate author-to-writer linking routes. The variety of traces from every node correlates to the variety of published papers that referenced the author. The cluster of authors network, which comprises 20 nodes (authors), has no much less than 18 interconnections. Other signs of regularly expressed thoughts and frameworks linked to ECAP-FS encompass nation collaboration (Fig. Four) and college collaboration network (Fig. 5).

Authors with more than one affiliations have made widespread contributions to kingdom and university collaborative networks (Figs. 4 and five). Our findings indicated that research on ECAP-FS were conducted at establishments in both superior and developing countries among 2016 and April 2021. The Wageningen University (Netherland), the China Agricultural University (China), the Zhejiang University (Asia), and University of Pretoria (South Africa) had the best collaboration network on ECAP-FS studies observed by means of the University of Western Australia (Australia), University of Leeds (UK), University of Alberta (Canada), University of Sydney (Australia), Case Western Reserve University (USA), Chinese University of Hong Kong (China) and the International Crop Research Institute. The University of Oxford was the simplest college that did now not collaborate with any of the universities in the course of the look at period. Figure 4 depicts the networks of collaboration on ECAP-FS for 27 international locations. The number of collaboration paths varied from one to 17. The range of partnerships changed into highest in the USA (n = 17), followed by using China (n = 10), Australia (n = 8), the UK (n = eight), Canada (n = 5), the Netherlands (n = four), Germany (n = 4), South Africa (n = four), Uganda (n = three), India (n = 3), Malaysia (n = 2), Denmark (n = 2), France (n = 2), Spain (n = 2), and New Zealand (n = 2). The last international locations had one collaboration community. This final results is constant with El Mohadab et al. (2020) as the evaluation of a country’s collaboration is a critical sort of evaluation, because it permits for the visualisation of the most influential international locations in a given discipline of studies, revealing the level of medical cooperation between the nations. The following network colour codes had been outstanding: mild inexperienced for the us community; mild blue for the China community; red for the Australia community; orange for the UK community; and brown for the Spain community.

Figure 6 depicts the pinnacle 30 key phrases of co-incidence community, the related visualisation and the affiliation electricity of ECAP-FS. The co-incidence of creator key phrases become examined to demonstrate the studies hotspots in ECAP-FS. The threshold for key-word co-prevalence become set at 10, and 30 key phrases out of 708 had been categorized as visualisation factors. The distance among the additives of each pairings indicated topic similarity and relative power. Individual time period clusters were allocated extraordinary colorations of circles. The community in Fig. 6 depicts three extraordinary clusters, every reflecting a branch of studies within the ECAP-FS literature. The number of courses wherein the key phrases co-came about became proven by the connections among specific key phrases. The foremost subject matters with the very best common connection strength in the ECAP-FS literature have been COVID-19, Food Security, Agriculture, and Climate Change.

The ECAP-FS clinical area has three subfields (clusters of writer key phrases), that are as follows:

The blue cluster includes terms consisting of COVID-19, Food Supply, Food Production, China, Food Security, and Agricultural Production.’

The red cluster grouped the key phrases Agricultural Land, Catering Services, Environmental Protection, Humans, Meat, Human, Food Industry, Article, Female, Priority Journal, Procedures, Controlled Study, and Environmental Sustainability.

The green cluster grouped the keywords Economic and Social Effects, Agriculture, Agricultural Robots, Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Land Use, Greenhouse Gases, Ecosystem, and Biodiversity. The findings discovered a extensive variant inside the co-occurrence of writer keywords in character articles inside the ECAP-FS literature. This demonstrated the medical field’s multifaceted and multidimensional nature. This result is settlement with the work of Orimoloye et al. (2021b).

Figure 7 depicts the frequency of word occurrence of the pinnacle 70 maximum utilised name keywords in ECAP-FS studies. During the studies, a phrase cloud changed into generated the use of the titles of posted articles that contained the most often used key phrases in ECAP-FS research. This revealed the most typically used phrase or word in ECAP-FS studies. Within the phrase cloud on ECAP-FS research, diverse regions of connections and the most tremendous words used had been decided. For instance, COVID-19, food safety, agriculture, weather trade, environment offerings, resilience, agricultural production, sustainable development, food system, and China have been recognised as the most ordinary or distinguished subject matters in ECAP-FS research.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has obtained vast popularity because the outbreak, and critical effort has been expended by researchers around the arena in various fields. The present bibliometric evaluation of COVID-19 tested the ensuing consequences on agricultural manufacturing and meals security studies traits from 2016 to April 2021 by means of data acquired from WoS and Scopus. According to our findings in ECAP-FS, there was an exponential rise in studies publications. This shows that research on ECAP-FS received growing attention all through last few years specially in 2020 and 2021, most probable due to COVID-19 pandemic related research through authors from distinctive counties of the sector like China, USA and the UK. Furthermore, most of the efficient authors in ECAP-FS on the time of this research had been from China, in all likelihood because the pandemic was first located in Wuhan City.

The findings of this analysis revealed that few articles came from Africa. In phrases of united states of america and organization collaboration networks, few of the international locations and institutions collaborated with the international locations in Africa besides for the University of Pretoria, which had a strong collaboration network on ECAP-FS research during the duration of have a look at. According to the phrase cloud evaluation and frequency analysis of the regularly used keywords and key-word-plus confirmed that the most topical problems in ECAP-FS are COVID-19, food safety, agriculture, weather alternate, agricultural production, sustainable improvement, biodiversity and sustainability. These consequences confirmed the most persistent problems associated with ECAP-FS; this become buttressed via every other conceptual framework indicator which include key-word co-prevalence networks.

The bibliometric survey completed on this observe has some obstacles, together with the usage of two databases (Scopus and WoS), the strictness of the quest key phrases and search approach employed, in addition to the exclusion of different document kinds (e.G., conference papers, books chapters, critiques, abstracts, meetings and notes, and so forth.) and posted articles in languages other than English (French, Dutch, Chinese). Despite the constraints, this studies appears to be the first bibliometric evaluation on ECAP-FS-related research, which provides to the proof base and could drive similarly research. Furthermore, WoS and Scopus have extra coverage than different databases, dependable indexing era that reduces the “indexer impact,” and are incredibly seemed by using clinical communities. Other databases, consisting of ScienceDirect, Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), need to be evaluated in destiny research.